ABSTRACT
@#Helping people to stop smoking is a highly cost-effective and an important means of preventing cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. A doctor who fails to provide smoking cessation counselling to a patient who smokes is no better than a doctor who neglects to prescribe a cholesterol – lowering drug. Many smokers want to stop smoking, and others may be receptive to encouragement to stop. As doctors, we are in a unique position to help our patients stop smoking because our advice on health matters is trusted more than anyone else’s (or so we should hope to think). This article was first published in the Singapore Family Physician in 2008, and focuses on what a doctor should do with a patient who smokes. An additional update on alternatives to cigarettes has been added.
ABSTRACT
@#Helping people to stop smoking is a highly cost-effective and an important means of preventing cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. A doctor who fails to provide smoking cessation counselling to a patient who smokes is no better than a doctor who neglects to prescribe a cholesterol – lowering drug. Many smokers want to stop smoking, and others may be receptive to encouragement to stop. As doctors, we are in a unique position to help our patients stop smoking because our advice on health matters is trusted more than anyone else’s (or so we should hope to think). This article was first published in the Singapore Family Physician in 2008, and focuses on what a doctor should do with a patient who smokes. An additional update on alternatives to cigarettes has been added.
ABSTRACT
Smoking cessation is a most cost-effective medical intervention and helping our patients stop smoking is a highly worthwhile endeavor. A doctor providing smoking cessation counseling will do well to first realise why many smokers are unwilling (or unable) to quit. This article focuses on why a doctor should emphasise smoking cessation in the prevention and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>This study objectively evaluates the effectiveness of a 6-week Preparatory Training Phase (PTP) programme prior to Basic Military Training (BMT) for less physically conditioned conscripts in the Singapore Armed Forces.</p><p><b>MATERIALS AND METHODS</b>We compared exercise test results of a group of less fi t recruits who underwent a 16-week modified-BMT (mBMT) programme (consisting of a 6-week PTP and 10-week BMT phase) with their 'fitter' counterparts enlisted in the traditional 10-week direct-intake BMT (dBMT) programme in this prospective cohort study consisting of 36 subjects. The main outcome measures included cardiopulmonary responses parameters (VO(2)max and V(O2AT)) with clinical exercise testing and distance run timings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Although starting off at a lower baseline in terms of physical fitness [VO(2)max 1.73 +/- 0.27 L/min (mBMT group) vs 1.97 +/- 0.43 L/min (dBMT), P = 0.032; V(O2AT) 1.02 +/- 0.19 vs 1.14 +/- 0.32 L/min respectively, P = 0.147], the mBMT group had greater improvement in cardiopulmonary indices and physical performance profiles than the dBMT cohort as determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing [VO(2)max 2.34 +/- 0.24 (mBMT) vs 2.36 +/- 0.36 L/min (dBMT), P = 0.085; V(O2AT) 1.22 +/- 0.17 vs 1.21 +/- 0.24 L/min respectively, P = 0.303] and 2.4 kilometres timed-run [mBMT group 816.1 sec (pre-BMT) vs 611.1 sec (post-BMT), dBMT group 703.8 sec vs 577.7 sec, respectively; overall P value 0.613] at the end of the training period. Initial mean difference in fitness between mBMT and dBMT groups on enlistment was negated upon graduation from BMT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pre-enlistment fitness stratification with training modification in a progressive albeit longer BMT programme for less-conditioned conscripts appears efficacious when measured by resultant physical fitness.</p>